Clinical Thyroidology for the Public summarizes selected research studies discussed in the previous month’s issue of Clinical Thyroidology, an official publication of the American Thyroid Association. Editor-in-chief, Alan Farwell, MD, FACE
Volume 19 Issue 7
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Clinical Thyroidology for the Public Volume 19 Issue 7 (PDF file, 3.34 MB)
TABLE OF CONTENTS – Web Format
THYROID EYE DISEASE
The risk of developing hyperglycemia during treatment with teprotumumab (Tepezza™)
Teprotumumab (Tepezza™) is a relatively new treatment for the management of TED that has shown excellent responses. However, hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) has emerged as a significant adverse event, occurring in up to 10% of patients. This study aimed to definitively characterize the risk of hyperglycemia associated with teprotumumab by using a global electronic health records database.
Lishinsky-Fischer N et al. Teprotumumab-associated hyperglycemia: a large-scale multinational cohort study. Thyroid. Epub 2026 Apr 9:10507256261442501. doi: 10.1177/10507256261442501. PMID: 41954033.
THYROID EYE DISEASE
Long-term impact of teprotumumab (Tepezza™) on blood glucose levels
Teprotumumab (Tepezza™) is a relatively new treatment for the management of thyroid eye disease that has shown excellent responses. One of the side effects of this medication is increased blood glucose levels in patients with and without diabetes. This evaluates a long-term group of patients to quantify the severity and implications of teprotumumab-induced hyperglycemia.
Ha SK, et al. Longitudinal glycemic outcomes in patients with thyroid eye disease treated with Teprotumumab. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2025.
THYROID CANCER
Feasibility of active surveillance for recurrent thyroid cancer
When thyroid cancer recurs after initial treatment, surgery has traditionally been the standard treatment to remove this recurrent cancer. Active surveillance, which involves closely monitoring the cancer with regular follow-up visits and imaging rather than treating it immediately, may be an option in selected patients. In this study, the researchers reviewed all of the prior studies with the goal of providing a more accurate estimate of the risk of cancer progression during active surveillance of patients with recurrent thyroid cancer.
Lim H et al. Active Surveillance for Locoregional Recurrent Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Thyroid. 2026 Feb;36(2):121-132. doi: 10.1177/10507256251412323. Epub 2026 Jan 7. PMID: 41791888.
THYROID NODULES
Elastography for thyroid nodule risk stratification: does it add value beyond ACR TI-RADS?
Ultrasound is the best study to evaluate thyroid nodules as features on ultrasound can help to identify the risk that a certain nodule is a cancer. However, overlap in ultrasound features between benign and cancerous nodules persists. This study evaluated the performance of elastography when integrated with conventional ultrasound risk-stratification systems.
Angelopoulos N et al. Elastography enhances diagnostic accuracy of ACR TI-RADS in thyroid nodule evaluation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Epub 2025 Dec 18:dgaf670; doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaf670. PMID: 41409005.
CHILDHOOD CANCER AND THYROID DISEASE
How often do children treated for high-risk neuroblastoma develop thyroid problems?
Neuroblastoma is a cancer that starts in developing nerve cells and is the most common solid cancer outside the brain in children. High-risk neuroblastoma (HRNB) is one of the most difficult cancers to treat, so it is managed with a combination of intensive therapies, some of which can affect the thyroid. This study was done to examine how often HRNB survivors develop thyroid problems long after treatment and to identify the associated risk factors.
Deodati A et al. Long-term thyroid toxicity burden in children who received treatment for high-risk neuroblastoma. Thyroid 2026;36(3):259–267; doi: 10.1177/10507256261425684. PMID: 41735800.
THYROID CANCER
2025 ATA Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Guidelines: Local vs Systemic Therapy
Overall, 5 to 15% of patients have advanced cancer which can develop resistance to radioactive iodine therapy, which is linked to markedly worse clinical outcomes. However, systemic therapy with TKIs does not cure the cancer and >90% of patients experience at least one adverse event during therapy. Further, many patients have no symptoms from their cancer and may ultimately experience worse quality of life from treatment than from the disease itself. This has led to a shift by the ATA 2025 guidelines in recommending local treatment first before starting systemic therapy.
Ringel MD et al. 2025 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2025;35(8):841-985.
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