Clinical Thyroidology for the Public summarizes selected research studies discussed in the previous month’s issue of Clinical Thyroidology, an official publication of the American Thyroid Association. Editor-in-chief, Alan Farwell, MD, FACE
Volume 18 Issue 12
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Clinical Thyroidology for the Public Volume 18 Issue 12 (PDF file, 3.01 MB)
TABLE OF CONTENTS – Web Format
ATA THYROID CANCER GUIDELINES
2025 American Thyroid Association Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Guidelines
THYROID CANCER
2025 ATA Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Guidelines: Extent of surgery
A major aspect of the treatment of thyroid cancer is the extent of initial surgery once a diagnosis of thyroid cancer is made. Since 2015, several studies evaluating lobectomy versus total thyroidectomy have been performed and form the basis for the new recommendations in the 2025 guidelines. This paper summarizes the changes in the initial extent of surgery in the 2025 ATA differentiated thyroid cancer guidelines.
Ringel MD et al. 2025 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2025;35(8):841-985.
THYROID CANCER
2025 ATA Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Guidelines: Risk stratification
Cancer risk stratification plays a pivotal role in guiding treatment decisions, which must be tailored to individual patient characteristics. The 2025 guidelines expand the risk stratification groups to help identify which patients will benefit from additional treatment, such as radioactive iodine therapy. This paper summarizes the changes in risk stratification in the 2025 ATA differentiated thyroid cancer guidelines.
Ringel MD et al. 2025 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2025;35(8):841-985.
THYROID CANCER
Is my thyroid cancer marker increasing too quickly after my surgery?
Thyroglobulin is a protein only produced by thyroid cells, both normal and cancerous. After a total thyroidectomy, and especially after radioactive iodine therapy, the thyroglobulin level can be used as a cancer marker. This study combines the thyroglobulin levels obtained after total thyroidectomy and the thyroglobulin doubling rate to see if they accurately predict a thyroid cancer recurrence.
Ito Y, et al. Dynamic risk assessment using unstimulated serum thyroglobulin level and thyroglobulin doubling rate after total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. Epub 2025 Aug 11; doi: 10.1177/10507256251367242. PMID: 40794485.
HYPOTHYROIDISM
Iatrogenic Hyperthyroidism in Older Adults
In hypothyroidism, the dose of levothyroxine is often calculated based on body weight. If the treatment of hypothyroidism over-shoots and causes the TSH level to be low with high normal or increased T4, then the patient can be made hyperthyroid (“iatrogenic hyperthyroidism”). Since it has been reported that over-replacement with thyroid hormone occurs more frequently in women, this study sought to identify the potential factors that contribute to the increased risk of iatrogenic hyperthyroidism in women.
Adams, R and Mammen JS. Sex Differences in Risk for Iatrogenic Thyrotoxicosis Among Older Adults: An Analysis from Real-World Clinical Data. Thyroid. 2025;35(5):485- 493; doi: 10.1089/thy.2024.0604. PMID: 40117123.
THYROID EYE DISEASE
Response to treatment with steroids in patients with thyroid eye disease
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a condition that occurs in up to 40% of patients with Graves’ disease. Treatment of TED often includes steroid therapy to try to suppress the immune system, which is believed to be the cause of TED. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with outcomes after intravenous glucocorticoid treatment in a group of patients with moderate-tosevere TED.
Baczewska N, et al. factors associated with response to intravenous glucocorticoids in active moderate-to-severe thyroid eye disease. Thyroid. 2025;35(4):424-432; doi: 10.1089/thy.2024.0629. PMID 40053436.
GRAVES’ DISEASE
Functional TSI tests: a new step in personal care for Graves’ Disease?
Graves’ disease is caused by the body producing an antibody (TSI) that attacks and turns on the thyroid and makes it overactive. This study compared a functional TSI assay with a traditional thyroid receptor antibody assay (TRAb) to determine if the new assay could better determine remission or relapse of Graves’ disease.
Peng R et al. Significance of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin and thyrotropin receptor antibody in Graves disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2025;110(9):e3002-e3010. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgae892. PMID: 39715350.
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